Basic Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the anatomic position
standing erect with feet together<br>-facing the observer <br>-arms at the sides with the palms forward
coronal
parts in the front of the midline are anterior, parts located in the back of the midline are posterior
What makes up the extremities?
the arms and legs are the extremities<br>-the points of attachment are the shoulders and hips
List the four quadrants of the abdomen and the central point.
-right upper quadrant -right lower quadrant<br>-left upper quadrant - left lower quadrant<br>-umbilicus: central point
What is a cell? what are its functions?
the basic unit of the body is the cell. <br>- the functions of cells are breathing, reproduction, nutrition, excretion, and metabolism
List the four types of cells
-epithelial cell<br>-nerve cell<br>-muscle cell<br>-connective tissue cell
Name the four basic types o tissues and describe their functions
-epithelial tissue: absorbs, secretes, forms, covers and sometimes produce body fluids<br>-nervous tissue: forms brain and spinal cord, sends messages, coordination<br>-muscle tissue: ability to change its length <br>skeletal- attached the bones for movement<br>cardiac- forms heart wall<br>connective- forms blood, bone, fibrous & elastic tisse (attach muscle to bones)
What is an organ?
any part of the bodythat carries out a specific function or functions (made up of more than one kind of tissue)
List the body systems
-circulatory -reproductive<br>-endocrine -respiratory<br>-digestive -skeletal<br>-integumentary<br>-urinary<br>-muscular
What is a membrane and what do they do?
sheets of epithelial tissues supported by connective tissues <br>-cover the body<br>-line body cavities<br>-produce some body fluids
Describe mucous membrane
-produces a fluid called mucus<br>-line body cavities that open to the outside <br>mucus: clear white fluid, moistens, protects
Describe a synovial membrane
-produces synovial fluid; an eggwhite <br>-line joint cavities<br>-reduces friction between bones<br>-line open cavities
Describe serous membrane
-produces serous fluid; clear yellowish tinge <br>-cover the organs and<br>- line the closed cavities of the body
What cavities make up the ventral cavity?
thoracic, abdominal peritoneal, pelvic, retroperitoneal space
Integumentary
protects the body from injury and against infection, regulates body temp, eliminates wastes
Muscular
protects organs by forming body walls, forms walls of some organs, assists movement by changing position of bones at joints