EMT-Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal System
gives the body shape, protects the vital internal organs, allows for movement, storing minerals and producing blood cells
Spinal Column/Vertebral Column
principle support system of body, everything is directly or indirectly attached to spine, 33 vertebrae
Vertebrae
irregularly shaped bones, bound by ligaments, if any are crushed or displaced, spinal chord may be severed
Sacral Spine
S1-S5, posterior to lumbar spine region, fused together to form rigid part of posterior side of pelvis
Ribs
24 ribs, 12 pairs attached posteriorly by ligaments to the thoracic vertebrae. First 7 are attached to sternum by cartilage. The last 5 ribs are false ribs because the front ends aren't attached to sternum
Lower Leg
tibia is the shin located at the anterior and medial side of leg. fibula is smaller and located on the lateral side of leg
Cardiac Muscle
hybrid, special involuntary muscle, automaticity=can generate impulses on its own even when disconnected from nervous system
Respiratory System
respiration, ventilation, oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, buffer to maintain acid-base balance
Children vs Adults
1-smaller nose and mouth that can be obstructed easily. 2-tongue takes up most of mouth which can block pharynx. 3-narrow trachea which can be blocked by swelling or foreign objects. 4-cricoid cartilage is less developed and less rigid. 5-chest wall is softer so rely on diaphragm for breathing
Circulatory System
provide cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, transport blood to cells and alveoli for gas exchange, house blood, buffer bodies acid-base balance, deliver immune cells to fight infection, contain substances that promote clotting
Pulse
felt at arteries, left ventricle contracts which sends a wave of blood through the arteries....systolic blood pressure
Nervous System
control and maintain conscious and aware state, transmit sensory stimuli to brain for interpretation, control motor function, control body functions through autonomic nervous system
Cerebellum
posterior and inferior to cranium, controls muscle activity and impulses from the eyes and ears
Endocrine System
Multiple glands secreted into hormones which have effects on the activity of certain organs
Parathyroid Gland
behind thyroid, produces hormone to metabolize calcium and phosphorous in the bones
Adrenal Glands
on top of kidneys, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, postpones muscle fatigue, increase sugar storage, kidney function, regulate metabolism of salt and water
Islets of Langerhans
pancreas, makes insulin to allow glucose to enter cells, and glucagon to raise glucose level in blood
Beta1
effects increase HR, increase force of cardia contraction, speed up electrical impulse of heart
Integumentary System
1-protect body from environment and bacteria, 2-regulate body temp, 3-receptor for heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure, 4-regulation of water and electrolytes
Skin
epidermis (dead skin and pigmentation), dermis (hair follicles, sweat glands, sensory nerves) and subcutaneous layer (fatty tissue)
Digestive System
alimentary tract and accessory organs, ingest and carry food so that absorption can occur and waste can be eliminated
Urinary/Renal System
filters and excretes waste from blood; 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra