Why are homeostatic mechanisms said to work by negative feedback?
because most reverse the original stimulus
What anatomical plane cuts you into front and back halves?
frontal plane
What is an ion?
an atom that either gains or loses electrons
What are the four most abundant elements in the body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What type of chemical bonds transfer electrons from one atom to another?
ionic
List the states of matter.
solid, liquid, gas
What is the pH scale?
the scale that tells how acidic or basic a solution is
What is the pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
What are organic compounds? Inorganic?
organic = usually contain carbon, are large, form covalent bonds, and are flammable inorganic= do not have carbon, are small, and usually form ionic bonds
Name the transportation process that uses energy to move ions against a concentration gradient.
active transport
What structure controls all cellular activities?
nucleus
Which organelle does protein synthesis?
ribosomes / rough endoplasmic reticulum
What cellular structure is responsible for moving the entire cell?
flagellum
Name the membrane found in all movable joints?
synovial membrane
What are the four main types of tissue?
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Name the outermost layer of skin.
epidermis
What organelle is the site of cell product storage?
vacuoles
What are the four main cell components?
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles
What type of cell division ends up with diploid cells?
mitosis
What type of gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?
endocrine gland
What type of gland produces perspiration?
sudoriferous
What type of tissue binds things together?
connective tissue
What type of membrane is found lining body cavities without an opening to the outside?
serous membrane
Which organelle produces the enzyme responsible for phagocytic activity?
lysosomes
What is a synovial joint?
a joint with a synovial capsule and end of bones covered with articular cartilage
What type of joint are sutures of the skull?
fibrous joint
Which bone markings are only found on the femur?
trochanter
Name the shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
What connects bone to bone?
ligaments
List two examples of fibrous joints.
sutures of skull, sockets of teeth, distal tibia/ fibula articulation
What cells break down existing bone matrix?
osteoclasts
Name the bone that does not articulate with any other bone.
hyoid
Name the theory that involves actin and myosin.
sliding filament theory
What type of muscle would you find intercalated disks and gap junctions in?
cardiac muscle
Which attachment is said to be most proximal and have the larger surface area?
origin
Name the condition that is characterized by chronic pain in muscles and soft tissues around joints.
fibromyalgia
Define synergist.
assits the agonist by providing additional force
Name the functions of the muscular system.
motion by levers, posture, regulate organ volume, thermogenesis, protection of internal organs
The thin filament in a muscle fiber is called __________.
actin
What muscle group does knee extension?
quadriceps
Name the two parts of the diencephalons.
thalamus, hypothalamus
What does the brainstem regulate?
regulates vital, unconscious processes
Where do you find the vestibule, semicircular canal, and the cochlea?
inner ear
What does the temporal lobe do?
hearing and balance, interpretation of sensory experiences, memory of visual scenery and music
Name the parts of the brain stem.
pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata
What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
cerebellum
Name the part of the outer ear that directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane.
auricle or pinna
What is the pigmented part of the eye, and what does it do?
iris, controls the amount of light that goes into the eye